تحول رویکرد به تروریسم در اسناد بین المللی: خلاء های حقوقی و پیامدها

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار گروه حقوق دانشگاه اصفهان

2 دانشیار گروه حقوق دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد اصفهان

3 استادیار گروه حقوق دانشگاه مفید قم

4 دانشجوی دکترای حقوق بین‌الملل، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد اصفهان

چکیده

پدیده تروریسم اوائل دهه شصت میلادی با تدوین کنوانسیون ۱۹۶۳ توکیو بصورت رسمی در عرصه معاهدات چندجانبه مورد توجه دولت‌ها قرار گرفت. یک دهه پس از آن نیز مجمع عمومی سازمان ملل  متّحد در سال ۱۹۷۲ با تصویب قطعنامه شماره ۳۰۳۴ آنرا وارد ادبیات سازمان نمود. علیرغم گذشت بیش از نیم قرن از توجه جامعه جهانی به این موضوع و تصویب یا تدوین حدود ۱۵۰ کنوانسیون منطقه‌ای و بین‌المللی و قطعنامه سازمان ملل  متّحد در مورد این پدیده، جامعه جهانی همچنان فاقد یک رویکرد حقوقی منسجم برای مقابله با تروریسم است. عدم ارائه تعریفی از تروریسم را می‌توان مهمترین چالش در این زمینه دانست که متضمن پیامدهای قابل توجه حقوقی است. این موضوع باعث گردیده حقوق بین‌الملل نتواند به شکلی متوازن و مؤثر پاسخگوی نیازهای جامعه بین‌المللی باشد. ابهام در تعریف، تفکیک میان مبارزات مشروع و آزادی‌بخش و توسل به تروریسم را ممتنع نموده و امکان «سوء استفاده از حق دفاع مشروع» برای مقابله با مبارزات قانونی را تحت عنوان اقدامات تروریستی فراهم نموده و بصورت گسترده‌ای امکان نقض حقوق بشردوستانه را به همراه داشته است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

مراجع

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