Comparative Study of the Method of Sharia Monitoring Over Laws in Islamic Countries (Indonesia, Malaysia, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, and Iran)

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Professor, Department of Public Law, University of Tehran, Iran

2 Ph.D Candidate in Public Law, Alborz Campus, University of Tehran, Iran

10.22034/law.2025.63713.3420

Abstract

A criterion for identifying the level of Islamic countries' adherence to religion is the level of commitment of their governments to approving Islamic laws and how to monitor them. The question of the current research is that in the legal system of Islamic countries, what method has been envisaged to adapt the laws to the Islamic Sharia, and in this direction, what method has been thought of to resolve the conflict of the opinions of the jurists? For this purpose, in this research, the legal system of six Islamic countries (Indonesia, Malaysia, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, and Iran) has been examined. This research, using the descriptive-analytical method and relying on library sources, concluded that the approach of the rulers of the countries determines the way of Sharia supervision; As in Indonesia, with a semi-secularist approach, it has the least commitment to Shariah monitoring of laws. In the countries of Egypt and Malaysia, despite secularist tendencies, there is an intermediate commitment to protect the interests of religious and secular groups, and minimal Sharia supervision is observed. Saudi Arabia, claims the complete sovereignty of Islam in its country, and all its laws are derived from Islam, but has not considered a special solution for Sharia supervision. Among the six countries, Pakistan and the Islamic Republic of Iran are ranked among those committed to Sharia by previously monitoring the approval of laws and evaluating their compliance with Sharia

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

  1. الف) منابع فارسی

    - کتاب‌ها

    1. اسماعیلی، محسن (1390). دین و قانون، بررسی کارکرد و نقش دین در حوزه قانون و قانونگذاری. تهران: دانشگاه امام صادق (ع).
    2. حسینی، سید ابراهیم (1396). شریعت و تقنین در کشورهای اسلامی (ایران، عربستان و پاکستان). قم: مؤسسۀ آموزشی و پژوهشی امام خمینی (ره).
    3. خانجانی‌موقر، حسن (1385). قانون اساسی در آیینۀ انظار. تهران: دانشجو.
    4. میراحمدی‌زاده، مصطفی (1383). رابطۀ فقه و حقوق. قم: دفتر تبلیغات اسلامی حوزۀ علمیۀ قم.

    - مقالات

    1. جوان‌آراسته، حسین و مهدی‌فر، محمد (1403). مطالعۀ تطبیقی مجازات اعدام در قوانین کشورهای اسلامی. مطالعات حقوق تطبیقی معاصر، 15 (34)، 149-169.

     Doi: 10.22034/LAW.2023.55627.3248

    1. عباسی، بیژن و جعفری، مصطفی (1390). بررسی تطبیقی شرایط انتخاب‌کنندگان و انتخاب‌شوندگان در نظام انتخاباتی مجالس ایران و مالزی. حقوق تطبیقی، 2 (2)، 115-132.
    2. علیدادزاده، روح‌اله؛ وکیلیان، حسن و رضایی، مهدی (1403). ساختار شورای نگهبان و حجیت تصمیمات آن با نگاهی به نهاد دادرس اساسی در مصر، عراق و الجزایر. مطالعات حقوق تطبیقی معاصر، 15 (34)، 171-206.                     Doi: 22034/LAW.2024.55777.3251
    3. غفاری، هدی (1390). نسبت میان حاکمیت شرع و حاکمیت قانون در نظام قضایی جمهوری اسلامی ایران.پژوهش حقوق عمومی، 14 (36)، 107-132.
    4. محبّی، داود؛ زارع، مهدی؛ گودرزی، احمد (1401). جایگاه اسلام در فرایند قانونگذاری مصر پس از تحولات 2011. مطالعات حقوق عمومی، 52 (1)، 553-571.

    Doi: 10.22059/JPLSQ.2019.278591.1959

    1. محقق داماد، سید مصطفی (1376). سرگذشت عدالت و قضاء در عربستان سعودی. میقات حج، 179-199.

    ب) منابع انگلیسی

    - Articles

    1. Al Saud, (2000). Faisal Bin Misha'al Political Development in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: an Assessment of the Majlis Ash-Shura, Durham Theses. Durham University.
    2. Ali Khan, Muhammad Mumtaz, Ramzan Muhammad & Munir Leghari, Yasir (2021). Council of Islamic Ideology of Pakistan: The Extent of Its Legislative Role. Epistemology, 8(9). Doi:10.13140/RG.2.2.28836.45442.
    3. Alshareef, Shaker Ahmed (June 2021). General Introduction of the Shura Council in Saudi Arabia and Parliamentary Diplomacy. International Journal of Law and Public Administrationl, 4(1), Doi:10.11114/ijlpa.v4i1.5208.
    4. Ansori, Ansori (2022). Controversial Fatwas from Indonesian Ulema Council: A Study of the Legal Sociology Perspective. Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, 11 (5).
    5. Ansori, Ansori (2022). Position of Fatwa in Islamic law: the Effectiveness of MUI, NU, and Muhammadiyah Fatwas. Ijtihad: Journal of Islamic Law and Humanitarian Discourse, 22 (1), 53–71. Doi:10.18326/ijtihad.v22i1.53-72.
    6. Abdul Aziz, Norazlina, Ramli, Noriah & Abdul Raof, Nurazlina (2018). Jakim: Governors of Halal Affairs. Contemporary Issues and Development in the Global Halal Industry, 131-139. Doi:10.1007/978-981-10-1452-9_12.
    7. Berger, Maurits & Sonneveld, Nadia (2010). Sharia and National Law in Egypt. In Book: Sharia Incorporated, A Comparative Overview of the Legal Systems of Twelve Muslim Countries in Past and Present, 51–88. Leiden: Leiden University Press. Doi: 10.1515/9789400600171-005
    8. Casduloh (Nov 2023). History of Criminal Law Enforcement and Islamic Justice in Saudi Arabia. Al-Mahkamah: Islamic Law Journal, 1(1), 14–20. Doi: 10.61166/mahkamah.v1i1. 3.
    9. Shuaib, Farid S. (2012). The Islamic Legal System in Malaysia, Washington International Law Journal, 21 (1), 85-115.
    10. Jaliľ, Husni. Teuku Ahmad Yani. Kumiawan, Andri. Public Participation Model in the Preparation of Sharia-Based Aceh Qanun: Special Focus on the Role of the Ulama. Law Journal. Kuala Lumpur, 30 (2), 280-307. Doi: 10.31436/iiumlj.v30i2.672.
    11. Khairuldin, W.M.K.F.W. Embong, A. H., Anas, W.N.I.W.N., Mohd, H., & Ismail, D (2018). The Application of Technology in the Dissemination of Fatwas: A Study on Religious Institutions in Malaysia. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 9 (7), 1590–1596.
    12. Khairuldin, W.M.K.F.W., Anas, W.N.I.W.N., & Embong, A. H., Fatwa as a (2018). Disseminator of Islamic Laws Among Community of Malaysia. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 8 (11), 516–521.
    13. Mahadi, R., Sariman, N.K., Noordin, R., Mail, R. and Ab Fatah, N.S. (2018). Corporate Governancestructure of State Islamic Religious Councils in Malaysia. International Journal of Asian SocialScience, 8 (7), 388-395.
    14. Masud, Muhammad Khalid (2015). Role of the Council of Islamic Ideology in the Islamisation of laws in Pakistan. International Centre for Muslim and non-Muslim Understanding, University of South Australia.
    15. Muttaqin, Zainal (2021). Formalization of Islamic Law in Indonesia, in the Framework of Social Engineering Theory by Roscoe Pound. El-Mashlahah: Scientific Journal of Sharia Faculty IAIN Palangka Raya.
      Doi: 10.23971/elma.v11i2.2825.
    16. Nauman, Muhammad, Imran Khan & Karamat Sidra (2018) Formation and Working of Federal Shari’at Court in Pakistan. Pakistan Social Sciences Review, 2 (1), 50-60.
    17. Mohammad Ahmad, Nisar & Mohamed Adil, Mohamed Azam (2016). The Status and Implementation of Islamic Law in Malaysia. In Book: Religious Rules, State Law, and Normative Pluralism-A Comparative Overview, 263-276. Doi:10.1007/978-3-319-28335-7_16.
    18. Salameh, mohamad hasan (2021). The Principle of Separation of Powers between Sharia and the Positive Law: a Case Study on the Constitutional System of Saudi Arabia. 1st International Conference of Law and Justice - Good Governance and Human Rights in Muslim Countries: Experiences and Challenges (ICLJ 2017), Doi:10.2991/iclj-17.2018.3.
    19. Sulaiman, Sulaiman, Siti Yusnaini & Anton Widyanto (2023). Development of Islamic Sharia-Based Curriculum in Islamic Universities in Aceh: A Study on the Implementation of Aceh Qanun Number 9 of 2015. Ulumuna, 27 (1), 89–114. Doi: 10.20414/UJIS.V27I1.521.
    20. Usman, Mahboob, Ashraf Qureshi, Zeeshan, Azam Hussain, Mohammad & Fateh Labanieh Mohamad (2023). The Recommendations of the Council of Islamic Ideology on Family Laws: An Analytical Review. UCP Journal of Law and Legal Education, 1 (2), 26-44.

    - Sites

    1. saudiembassy.net/basic-law-governance.
    2. saudiembassy.net/law-consultative-council-majlis-al-shura.
    3. saudiembassy.net/law-council-ministers.
Jurisprudence and Islamic Law
Volume 15, Issue 37
December 2024
Pages 61-89

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics