Reaserch on Position of the United Nations Security Council of Foreign Fighters

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Assistant Professor Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran

2 Graduated from Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran

3 Professor, University of Tehran, Tehran

4 Graduated from Qom University

Abstract

Although the United Nations Security Council is a political entity, due to the obligation of all member nations under article 25 of the United Nations Charter, its decisions have implications for international law, especially counter-terrorism law. This is so evident that some experts in the subject of counter-terrorism consider the council as a global legislature. By making various resolutions, the Security Council takes into account the new aspects of the issue of terrorism, and makes decisions. One of the new issues in the area of terrorism has to do with foreign terrorist fighters. Presence of the foreign fighters in the armed conflicts is not a new problem, but in recent years their joining to the terrorist groups has highlighted this problem. For this reason, the Security Council has addressed the issue of foreign fighters in a number of resolutions such as 2178, but the question is why the presence of foreign fighters in conflict zones including in Syria has not still stopped. Apparently, the Security Council's resolutions on this issue do not seem to be effective, due to lack of transparency. Therefore, the present paper uses a descriptive-analytic method, investigates the historical origins and concept of the foreign fighter and assesses the Security Council's anti-terrorism resolutions concerning the issue of warriors; then, it analyzes the position of the Council in this regard. Eventually, this article addresses the ineffectiveness of the decisions of the Security Council on the issue of terrorism, especially foreign fighters.

Keywords

References

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- مقالات

  1. خلف رضایی، حسین (پاییز و زمستان 1398)، «گروه‌های مسلح فراملی و اجرای حقوق بشردوستانه بین‌المللی»، مجلۀ حقوقی بین‌الملل، دورۀ سی و ششم، شمارۀ 61.
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  3. زرنشان، شهرام (بهار و تابستان 1386)، «ﺷﻮرای اﻣﻨﻴﺖ و ﺗﻌﻬﺪات دوﻟﺘ‌ﻬﺎ ﺑﺮای ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺮورﻳﺴﻢ»، ﻣﺠﻠﺔ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﻲ، ﻧﺸﺮﻳﺔ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ اﻣﻮر ﺣﻘﻮﻗﻲ ﺑﻴﻦاﻟﻤﻠﻠﻲ ﻣﻌﺎوﻧﺖ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﻲ و اﻣﻮر ﻣﺠﻠﺲ رﻳﺎﺳﺖ ﺟﻤﻬﻮری، دورۀ بیست و چهارم، شمارۀ 36.
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ب) خارجی

- Books

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  2. Malet, David (2013), Foreign Fighters: Transnational Identity in Civil Conflicts, First edition, Oxford University Press (OUP), UK.

-Articles

  1. Sommari, Emanuele(2016), "The Status of Foreign Fighters under International Humanitarian Law", Andrea, De Guttry, Francesca , Capone and Christophe, Paulussen,Foreign Fighters under International Law  and Beyond , The Netherlands, t.m.c. asser press.
  2. Bakker, Edwin & Singleton, Mark (2016), "Foreign Fighters in the Syria and Iraq Conflict: Statistics and Characteristics of a Rapidly Growing Phenomenon", Andrea, De Guttry, Francesca , Capone and Christophe, Paulussen,Foreign Fighters under International Law  and Beyond , The Netherlands, t.m.c. asser press.
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  4. Hegghammer, Thomas (2013), "Should I Stay or Should I Go? Explaining Variation in Western Jihadists’ Choice between Domestic and Foreign Fighting", American Political Science Review, vol. 107, No 1.
  5. Saul, Ben (2014), "Terrorism and International Humanitarian Law", Sydney Law School Research Paper, No. 14/16, Edward Elgar.

 - Reports and Documents

  1.  Addressing the Foreign Terrorist Fighters Phenomenon from a European Union Perspective, Global Center on Cooperative Security, Human Security Collective and International Centre for Counter- Terrorism – The Hague, 2014.
  2. Bakowski, Piotr and Puccio, Laura, Foreign Fighters: national and EU responses in an international context, European Parliamentary Research Service [EPRS], 2015.
  3. Briggs Obe, rachel and Silverman, Tanya, Western Foreign Fighters Innovations in Responding to the Threat, Institute for Strategic Dialogue, 2014.
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  5. Davis, Sean, Responding to Foreign Terrorist Fighters, Global Center on Cooperative Security, Human Security Collective and International Centre for Counter- Terrorism – The Hague, 2014.
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  7. Hennessy, Orla, The Phenomenon of Foreign Fighters in Europe , International Centre for Counter- Terrorism – The Hague, 2012.
  8. ICRC (2011), International Humanitarian Law and the Challenges of Contemporary Armed Conflicts, ICRC, Switzerland.
  9. Keatinge, Tome, Identifying Foreign Terrorist Fighters: The Role of Public- Private Partnership, Information Sharing and Financial Intelligence, International center for Counter- Terrorism_ The Hague (ICCT), 2015.
  10. A Comment on Security Council Resolution 2178 (Foreign Terrorist Fighters) as a “Form” of Global Governance, Just Security, Martin, Scheinin, 2014. At: http:// justsecurity. org/ 15989/ comment- security- council- res- 2178- foreign- fighters- form- global- governance.2018/04/04.
  11. Back to post- 9/ 11 panic? Security Council resolution on foreign terrorist fighters, Just Security, Martin, Scheinin, 2014. At: http:// justsecurity. org/ 15407/ post- 911- panic- security- council- resolution- foreign- terrorist- fighters- scheinin/ .
  12. Sinkkonen, Teemu, “War on two fronts: the EU perspective on the foreign terrorism fighters of ISIL”, The Finnish Institute of International Affairs, 2015.
  13. Security Council Resolutions 1373 (2001).
  14. UN Security Council Resolutions 2170 (2014).
  15. UN Security Council Resolutions 2178 (2014).
  16. UN Security Council Resolution 2253(2015).
  17. U. N. Security Council plans to suppress foreign extremist fighters’, Reuters, 9 September 2014.

ج) سایت‌ها

  1. http:// justsecurity. org/ 15989/ comment-security-council-res-2178-foreign-fighters-form-global-governance.
Jurisprudence and Islamic Law
Volume 10, Issue 19
September 2019
Pages 157-182

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